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Manaw Gododdin was the narrow coastal region on the south side of the Firth of Forth, part of the Brythonic-speaking Kingdom of Gododdin in the post-Roman Era. It is notable as the homeland of Cunedda prior to his conquest of North Wales, and as the homeland of the heroic warriors in the literary epic ''Y Gododdin''. Pressed by the Picts expanding southward and the Northumbrians expanding northward, it was permanently destroyed in the 7th century and its territory absorbed into the then-ascendant Kingdom of Northumbria. The lands both south and north of the Firth of Forth were known as 'Manaw', but from the post-Roman Era forward, only the southern side is referred to as Manaw Gododdin, the Manaw associated with the people of Gododdin. Manaw Gododdin was adjacent to – and possibly included in – Eidyn, the region surrounding modern Edinburgh. Though Manaw Gododdin was located within the territory of modern Scotland, as a part of ''Yr Hen Ogledd'' ((英語:The Old North)) it is also an intrinsic part of Welsh history, as both the Welsh and the Men of the North ((ウェールズ語:Gwŷr y Gogledd)) were self-perceived as a single people, collectively referred to as ''Cymry''.〔, ''History of Wales'' Vol I., (Note to Chapter VI, the Name "Cymry" )〕 The arrival in Wales of Cunedda of Manaw Gododdin in c. 450 is traditionally considered to be the beginning of the history of modern Wales. The name appears in literature as both ''Manaw Gododdin'' and ''Manau Gododdin''. The modern Welsh form is spelled with a 'w'. ==Sources of information== Background: confusion with the Isle of Man The Isle of Man is known in Welsh as ''Ynys Manaw'', and this has introduced ambiguity in literary and historical references when Manaw (or Manau) was used without further elaboration, as to whether the reference was to Manaw Gododdin or to the Isle of Man. A similar problem exists in Irish, where both the northern Pictish Manaw and the southern Manaw Gododdin are referred to as ''Manann'' (or ''Manonn''). Certain forms of the Irish name for the Isle of Man produce the genitive name ''Manann'' (or ''Manonn''). Either place can be inferred if the context is uncertain. ''Historia Brittonum'' In the ''Historia Brittonum'', Nennius says that "the great king Mailcun reigned among the Britons, i.e., in Gwynedd". He adds that Maelgwn's ancestor Cunedda arrived in Gwynedd 146 years before Maelgwn's reign, coming from Manaw Gododdin, and expelled the Scots (the Gaels ) with great slaughter.〔, ''The Works of Nennius'' (English translation)〕〔, '' Historia Britonnum'' (in Latin)〕 In the chapters of the ''Historia Brittonum'' discussing the circumstances leading up to the death of Penda of Mercia in 655, Oswiu of Northumbria is besieged at "Iudeu" by Penda and his allies and offers up the wealth (i.e., the royal dignities) of that place which had been recently captured by the Northumbrians (the "Restoration of Iudeu", so-called), as well as that which he held "as far as Manaw".〔, ''Celtic Scotland'', The Four Kingdoms.〕〔, ''Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers''〕 In Latin the phrase is ''usque in manau pendae''. The recensions are not all consistent on this point. There is also ''esque in manu pendae''〔, ''Nennii Historia Britonum'', Ch. 65.〕 and ''esque in manum pendae'',〔, ''Historia Brittonum''〕 which if reliable, would allow for a different interpretation, as ''manu'' is Latin for ''hand'' (as in ''into the hand (Penda )''). Welsh genealogies The royal genealogies provide no information ''per se'' about Manaw Gododdin. However, as it was the homeland of Cunedda and he was the progenitor of many Welsh royal lines, he is prominent in the Harleian genealogies.〔, ''The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859''〕 Some of these genealogies reappear in Jesus College MS. 20,〔, ''Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20''〕 though it focuses mainly on the ancient royalty of South Wales. All of Cunedda's descendants claim a heritage from Manaw Gododdin. ''Annals of Ulster'' According to the ''Annals of Ulster'', Áedán mac Gabráin, king of Dál Riata, was victor in a "bellum Manonn" ((英語:Battle or War at Manonn)) in 582 (his opponent is not given).〔, ''Ulster Chronicle'', 582: "Bellum Manonn, in quo victor erat Aedan mac Gabhrain."〕 There is some scholarly disagreement as to the place meant, whether to Manaw Gododdin or to the Isle of Man. Both are plausible and have some supporting evidence, but lacking hard information, the issue probably will not be settled definitively. Both those favouring the Isle and those favouring Manaw Gododdin say so and include a footnote to the effect that the balance seems to be on one side or the other, with accompanying arguments.〔, for example, favouring the Isle on p. 320 with footnote 65 giving reasons.〕〔, ''Ulster Chronicle'', for example, favouring Manaw Gododdin, with footnote 4 giving reasons.〕 ''Annals of Ulster'', ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' The ''Annals of Ulster'' say that in 711, the Northumbrians defeated the Picts at the ''campus Manann'', the field of Manaw. The ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' gives the year as 710, saying that "Beorhtfrith the ealdorman fought against the Picts between Haefe and Caere".〔, ''Annals of Ulster'', 711: "Strages Pictorum in Campo Manonn apud Saxones, ubi Finnguine filius Deileroith immatura morte jacuit.".〕 This is assumed to be between the Rivers Avon (Haefe) and Carron (Caere). William Forbes Skene first argues for it in ''The Four Ancient Books of Wales'' (1868), noting that the Avon rises in the place still known as Slamannan Moor (i.e., ''Sliabhmannan'', the Moor of Manann).〔, ''The Four Ancient Books of Wales'' Vol. I, Manau Gododin and the Picts.〕 He repeats the conjecture in his ''Celtic Scotland'' (1886),〔, ''Celtic Scotland'', The Four Kingdoms.〕 and later historians have accepted his suggestion, citing him as the source.〔〔, ''Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manaw Gododdin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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